Linux多种方法安装MySQL-5.7

一、MySQL简介

MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统，由瑞典MySQL AB公司开发，属于Oracle旗下产品。MySQL是最流行的关系型数据库管理系统之一，在WEB应用方面，MySQL是最好的RDBMS（Relational Database Management System，关系数据库管理系统）应用软件之一。

MySQL是一种关系型数据库管理系统，关系数据库将数据保存在不同的表中，而不是将所有数据放在一个大仓库内，这样就增加了速度并提高了灵活性。

MySQL所使用的SQL语言是用于访问数据库的最常用标准化语言。MySQL软件采用了双授权政策，分为社区版和商业版，由于其体积小、速度快、总体拥有成本低，尤其是开放源码这一特点，一般中小型和大型网站的开发都选择MySQL作为网站数据库。

二、Yum安装MySQL

1、配置清华大学Yum源

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo

[mysql-connectors-community]
name=MySQL Connectors Community
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/yum/mysql-connectors-community-el7-$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-tools-community]
name=MySQL Tools Community
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/yum/mysql-tools-community-el7-$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-5.7-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/yum/mysql-5.7-community-el7-$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

2、安装MySQL-5.7

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server

3、启动MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld

4、登录MySQL

1）查看初始化后生成的密码

[root@localhost ~]# grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log

2022-12-14T07:48:14.697319Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: j!#kVpr6_e:!

2）登录MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'j!#kVpr6_e:!'

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 6

Server version: 5.7.40

 

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

 

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

 

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

# 初始化后需重置密码才能执行sql

mysql> set password=password('Aa123456@!');

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> select version();

+-----------+

| version() |

+-----------+

| 5.7.40 |

+-----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

三、RPM包安装MySQL

1、下载rpm包

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://repo.huaweicloud.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

2、解压

[root@localhost ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l

total 1083052

-rw-------. 1 root root 1260 Jun 22 23:55 anaconda-ks.cfg

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 554516480 Mar 23 2022 mysql-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 28991900 Mar 23 2022 mysql-community-client-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 318868 Mar 23 2022 mysql-community-common-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 4363096 Mar 23 2022 mysql-community-devel-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 47993516 Mar 23 2022 mysql-community-embedded-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 23315792 Mar 23 2022 mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 132675656 Mar 23 2022 mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 2704332 Mar 23 2022 mysql-community-libs-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 1264876 Mar 23 2022 mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 186231736 Mar 23 2022 mysql-community-server-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

-rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 126641600 Mar 23 2022 mysql-community-test-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

3、安装MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-*.rpm

4、启动MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld

5、登录MySQL

1）查看初始化后生成的密码

[root@localhost ~]# grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log

2022-12-14T08:06:48.018735Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 9+d?gMK</tEj

2）登录MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'9+d?gMK</tEj'

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 2

Server version: 5.7.38

 

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

 

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

 

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

# 初始化后需重置密码才能执行sql

mysql> set password=password('Aa123456@!');

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> select version();

+-----------+

| version() |

+-----------+

| 5.7.38 |

+-----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

四、通用二进制安装MySQL

1、下载安装包

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://repo.huaweicloud.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2、解压及重命名

[root@localhost ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# mv mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

3、创建MySQL用户

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql

4、初始化MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/var/lib/mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql

5、配置软链接

[root@localhost ~]# ln -sf /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql* /usr/bin

[root@localhost ~]# ln -sf /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /tmp

6、启动MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

7、登录MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log

2022-12-14T08:37:28.773398Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: mhXYEjmoo4<7

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'mhXYEjmoo4<7'

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 2

Server version: 5.7.38

 

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

 

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

 

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

# 初始化后需重置密码才能执行sql

mysql> set password=password('Aa123456@!');

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> select version();

+-----------+

| version() |

+-----------+

| 5.7.38 |

+-----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

五、源码编译安装MySQL

这里就不写了，请参考博主的另一篇文章：Linux环境源码安装Mysql-5.7.18