Linux搭建MongoDB副本集

2024年1月23日15:07:40MongoDB评论3602字数 19243阅读64分8秒阅读模式2024年1月29日

一、MongoDB简介

MongoDB是一个开源的、面向文档的数据库管理系统，它使用NoSQL（非关系型数据库）的方式来存储数据。它是由10gen公司（现在的MongoDB公司）开发的，第一个版本于2009年发布。

MongoDB的设计目是满足大规模、高性能、可扩展的数据存储需求。它采用了JSON（JavaScript Object Notation）风格的文档模型，可以灵活地存储各种类型的数据，而不需要事先定义数据结构。这种文档模型的设计使得MongoDB能够轻松地处理复杂的数据结构，同时也提供了强大的查询和聚合功能。

MongoDB的数据存储方式是以集合（collection）为单位，每个集合中包含多个文档（document）。一个文档可以是一个JSON对象，它可以有不同的字段和值，没有固定的结构。这种设计可以方便地存储和查询不同结构的数据。

MongoDB还提供了复制和分片功能来实现高可用性和可扩展性。复制功能可以将数据复制到多个服务器上，提供数据冗余和故障恢复能力。分片功能可以将数据分布到多个服务器上，提高查询性能和存储容量。

由于MongoDB的灵活性和高性能，它被广泛应用于各种场景，如Web应用程序、大数据分析、物联网等。它支持多种编程语言和平台，并且具有丰富的工具和生态系统。

总之，MongoDB是一个强大的NoSQL数据库，它提供了灵活的数据模型和高性能的存储和查询功能，适用于各种复杂的数据存储需求。

二、MongoDB安装

1、服务器规划

序号	IP地址	操作系统	MongoDB版本
1	192.168.36.197	CentOS 7.9	5.0.22
2	192.168.36.198	CentOS 7.9	5.0.22
3	192.168.36.199	CentOS 7.9	5.0.22

2、下载MongoDB软件包

[root@localhost ~]# wget -c https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-5.0.22.tgz

3、解压MongoDB软件包

[root@localhost ~]# tar xf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-5.0.22.tgz

[root@localhost ~]# mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-5.0.22/ /usr/local/mongodb

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/{data,logs,conf}

5、生成秘钥文件(任意一台机)

[root@localhost ~]# openssl rand -base64 756 >/usr/local/mongodb/keyfile

[root@localhost ~]# chmod 400 /usr/local/mongodb/keyfile

6、远程拷贝秘钥文件

[root@localhost ~]# scp /usr/local/mongodb/keyfile root@192.168.36.198:/usr/local/mongodb/

[root@localhost ~]# scp /usr/local/mongodb/keyfile root@192.168.36.199:/usr/local/mongodb/

7、创建启动文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/mongodb/conf/mongod.conf

# 数据库文件存放路径(目录以自己存放位置为准)
dbpath = /usr/local/mongodb/data
# 日志文件存放路径(目录以自己存放位置为准)
logpath = /usr/local/mongodb/logs/mongod.log
# Pid文件路径
pidfilepath = /var/run/mongod.pid
# 追加方式写入
logappend = true
# 副本集名称
replSet = rs1
# 副本集共享秘钥(目录以自己存放位置为准)
keyFile = /usr/local/mongodb/keyfile
# 绑定本机所有IP
bind_ip = 0.0.0.0
# 运行端口,默认27017
port = 27017
# 后台运行
fork = true

8、创建软链接

[root@localhost ~]# ln -sf /usr/local/mongodb/bin/* /usr/bin

9、创建systemctl管理配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service

[Unit]
Description=Mongodb Server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod --config=/usr/local/mongodb/conf/mongod.conf
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

10、启动MongoDB服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mongod

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mongod

11、查看进程和端口

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mongod

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -lntup

三、MongoDB副本集配置

1、初始化副本集

# 登录任意一台机器执行

[root@localhost ~]# mongo

> use admin

switched to db admin

> var replica_cluster = {

_id: "rs1",

members: [

{ _id: 0, host : "192.168.36.197:27017" },

{ _id: 1, host : "192.168.36.198:27017" },

{ _id: 2, host : "192.168.36.199:27017" }

]

};

> rs.initiate(replica_cluster);

{ "ok" : 1 }

_id：副本集名称（mongod.conf中的replSet值）

members._id：唯一值

menbers.host：主机IP:端口

初始化返回{"ok" : 1}，则初始化成功

2、查看集群状态

rs1:SECONDARY> rs.status()

{

"set" : "rs1",

"date" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:30:06.111Z"),

"myState" : 1,

"term" : NumberLong(1),

"syncSourceHost" : "",

"syncSourceId" : -1,

"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),

"majorityVoteCount" : 2,

"writeMajorityCount" : 2,

"votingMembersCount" : 3,

"writableVotingMembersCount" : 3,

"optimes" : {

"lastCommittedOpTime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705980597, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(1)

"lastCommittedWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:29:57.285Z"),

"readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705980597, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(1)

"appliedOpTime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705980597, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(1)

"durableOpTime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705980597, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(1)

"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:29:57.285Z"),

"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:29:57.285Z")

"lastStableRecoveryTimestamp" : Timestamp(1705980587, 1),

"electionCandidateMetrics" : {

"lastElectionReason" : "electionTimeout",

"lastElectionDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:28:07.241Z"),

"electionTerm" : NumberLong(1),

"lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705980476, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(-1)

"lastSeenOpTimeAtElection" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705980476, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(-1)

"numVotesNeeded" : 2,

"priorityAtElection" : 1,

"electionTimeoutMillis" : NumberLong(10000),

"numCatchUpOps" : NumberLong(0),

"newTermStartDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:28:07.276Z"),

"wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:28:07.872Z")

"members" : [

{

"_id" : 0,

"name" : "192.168.36.197:27017",

"health" : 1,

"state" : 1,

"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",

"uptime" : 1377,

"optime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705980597, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(1)

"optimeDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:29:57Z"),

"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:29:57.285Z"),

"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:29:57.285Z"),

"syncSourceHost" : "",

"syncSourceId" : -1,

"infoMessage" : "Could not find member to sync from",

"electionTime" : Timestamp(1705980487, 1),

"electionDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:28:07Z"),

"configVersion" : 1,

"configTerm" : 1,

"self" : true,

"lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""

{

"_id" : 1,

"name" : "192.168.36.198:27017",

"health" : 1,

"state" : 2,

"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",

"uptime" : 129,

"optime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705980597, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(1)

"optimeDurable" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705980597, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(1)

"optimeDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:29:57Z"),

"optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:29:57Z"),

"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:29:57.285Z"),

"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:29:57.285Z"),

"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:30:05.298Z"),

"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:30:04.293Z"),

"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),

"lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",

"syncSourceHost" : "192.168.36.197:27017",

"syncSourceId" : 0,

"infoMessage" : "",

"configVersion" : 1,

"configTerm" : 1

{

"_id" : 2,

"name" : "192.168.36.199:27017",

"health" : 1,

"state" : 2,

"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",

"uptime" : 129,

"optime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705980597, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(1)

"optimeDurable" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705980597, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(1)

"optimeDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:29:57Z"),

"optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:29:57Z"),

"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:29:57.285Z"),

"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:29:57.285Z"),

"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:30:05.298Z"),

"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2024-01-23T03:30:04.293Z"),

"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),

"lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",

"syncSourceHost" : "192.168.36.197:27017",

"syncSourceId" : 0,

"infoMessage" : "",

"configVersion" : 1,

"configTerm" : 1

}

"ok" : 1,

"$clusterTime" : {

"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1705980597, 1),

"signature" : {

"hash" : BinData(0,"FoEAmRS07NAPbIJ1wrrcgloZI38="),

"keyId" : NumberLong("7327130399279153156")

}

"operationTime" : Timestamp(1705980597, 1)

}

rs1:PRIMARY>

四、MongoDB添加身份验证

1、修改配置文件mongod.conf

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/mongodb/conf/mongod.conf

# 添加以下参数内容

# 开启访问控制
auth = true

2、重启MongoDB服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mongod

3、创建用户及授权

# 创建root用户并且拥有超级管理员权限，创建test用户并且拥有test库读写权限

[root@localhost ~]# mongo

rs1:PRIMARY> use admin

switched to db admin

rs1:PRIMARY> db.createUser({user:"root",pwd:"Aa123456",roles:["root"]})

Successfully added user: { "user" : "root", "roles" : [ "root" ] }

rs1:PRIMARY> db.auth('root','Aa123456')

rs1:PRIMARY> use test

switched to db test

rs1:PRIMARY> db.createUser({user:"test",pwd:"Aa123456",roles:[{role:"readWrite",db:"test"}]})

Successfully added user: {

"user" : "test",

"roles" : [

{

"role" : "readWrite",

"db" : "test"

}

]

}

3、验证用户是否添加成功

# 切换任意一个节点

[root@localhost ~]# mongo

rs1:SECONDARY> rs.status()

{

"ok" : 0,

"errmsg" : "command replSetGetStatus requires authentication",

"code" : 13,

"codeName" : "Unauthorized",

"$clusterTime" : {

"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1705989225, 1),

"signature" : {

"hash" : BinData(0,"D4yfIues+56vqOEYZY1QjEC+XXY="),

"keyId" : NumberLong("7327130399279153156")

}

"operationTime" : Timestamp(1705989225, 1)

}

rs1:SECONDARY> use admin

switched to db admin

rs1:SECONDARY> db.auth('root','Aa123456')

rs1:SECONDARY> rs.status()

{

"set" : "rs1",

"date" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:55:04.054Z"),

"myState" : 2,

"term" : NumberLong(2),

"syncSourceHost" : "192.168.36.199:27017",

"syncSourceId" : 2,

"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),

"majorityVoteCount" : 2,

"writeMajorityCount" : 2,

"votingMembersCount" : 3,

"writableVotingMembersCount" : 3,

"optimes" : {

"lastCommittedOpTime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705989295, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(2)

"lastCommittedWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:54:55.963Z"),

"readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705989295, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(2)

"appliedOpTime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705989295, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(2)

"durableOpTime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705989295, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(2)

"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:54:55.963Z"),

"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:54:55.963Z")

"lastStableRecoveryTimestamp" : Timestamp(1705989295, 1),

"members" : [

{

"_id" : 0,

"name" : "192.168.36.197:27017",

"health" : 1,

"state" : 2,

"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",

"uptime" : 669,

"optime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705989295, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(2)

"optimeDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:54:55Z"),

"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:54:55.963Z"),

"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:54:55.963Z"),

"syncSourceHost" : "192.168.36.199:27017",

"syncSourceId" : 2,

"infoMessage" : "",

"configVersion" : 1,

"configTerm" : 2,

"self" : true,

"lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""

{

"_id" : 1,

"name" : "192.168.36.198:27017",

"health" : 1,

"state" : 1,

"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",

"uptime" : 667,

"optime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705989295, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(2)

"optimeDurable" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705989295, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(2)

"optimeDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:54:55Z"),

"optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:54:55Z"),

"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:54:55.963Z"),

"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:54:55.963Z"),

"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:55:03.764Z"),

"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:55:02.131Z"),

"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),

"lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",

"syncSourceHost" : "",

"syncSourceId" : -1,

"infoMessage" : "",

"electionTime" : Timestamp(1705988635, 1),

"electionDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:43:55Z"),

"configVersion" : 1,

"configTerm" : 2

{

"_id" : 2,

"name" : "192.168.36.199:27017",

"health" : 1,

"state" : 2,

"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",

"uptime" : 667,

"optime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705989295, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(2)

"optimeDurable" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705989295, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(2)

"optimeDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:54:55Z"),

"optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:54:55Z"),

"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:54:55.963Z"),

"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:54:55.963Z"),

"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:55:03.764Z"),

"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2024-01-23T05:55:03.158Z"),

"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),

"lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",

"syncSourceHost" : "192.168.36.198:27017",

"syncSourceId" : 1,

"infoMessage" : "",

"configVersion" : 1,

"configTerm" : 2

}

"ok" : 1,

"$clusterTime" : {

"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1705989295, 1),

"signature" : {

"hash" : BinData(0,"qNKfkBLHtlTsxdoyee4B4pA9SnU="),

"keyId" : NumberLong("7327130399279153156")

}

"operationTime" : Timestamp(1705989295, 1)

}

五、MongoDB基本操作

1、创建集合/插入数据

# 创建一个名为 user 的集合，并插入一条文档。

rs1:PRIMARY> use test

switched to db test

rs1:PRIMARY> db.auth('test','Aa123456')

rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.insertOne({name: "Alice", age: 25, gender: "female"})

{

"acknowledged" : true,

"insertedId" : ObjectId("65af57d2cd0ed703340d94fb")

}

2、查询数据

# 主节点

rs1:PRIMARY> db.user.find()

{ "_id" : ObjectId("65af57d2cd0ed703340d94fb"), "name" : "Alice", "age" : 25, "gender" : "female" }

# 从节点默认不允许读写，如果需要执行以下操作开启。

rs1:SECONDARY> rs.secondaryOk()

rs1:SECONDARY> use test

switched to db test

rs1:SECONDARY> db.auth('test','Aa123456')

rs1:SECONDARY> db.user.find()

{ "_id" : ObjectId("65af57d2cd0ed703340d94fb"), "name" : "Alice", "age" : 25, "gender" : "female" }

3、故障转移

1）停止主节点MongoDB服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop mongod

2）登录任意一个节点查看主节点是否自动切换

rs1:PRIMARY> use admin

switched to db admin

rs1:PRIMARY> db.auth('root','Aa123456')

rs1:PRIMARY> rs.status()

{

"set" : "rs1",

"date" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:37:29.765Z"),

"myState" : 1,

"term" : NumberLong(3),

"syncSourceHost" : "",

"syncSourceId" : -1,

"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),

"majorityVoteCount" : 2,

"writeMajorityCount" : 2,

"votingMembersCount" : 3,

"writableVotingMembersCount" : 3,

"optimes" : {

"lastCommittedOpTime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705991848, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(3)

"lastCommittedWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:37:28.209Z"),

"readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705991848, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(3)

"appliedOpTime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705991848, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(3)

"durableOpTime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705991848, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(3)

"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:37:28.209Z"),

"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:37:28.209Z")

"lastStableRecoveryTimestamp" : Timestamp(1705991808, 1),

"electionCandidateMetrics" : {

"lastElectionReason" : "stepUpRequestSkipDryRun",

"lastElectionDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:35:08.191Z"),

"electionTerm" : NumberLong(3),

"lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705991706, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(2)

"lastSeenOpTimeAtElection" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705991706, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(2)

"numVotesNeeded" : 2,

"priorityAtElection" : 1,

"electionTimeoutMillis" : NumberLong(10000),

"priorPrimaryMemberId" : 1,

"numCatchUpOps" : NumberLong(0),

"newTermStartDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:35:08.200Z"),

"wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:35:08.247Z")

"members" : [

{

"_id" : 0,

"name" : "192.168.36.197:27017",

"health" : 1,

"state" : 1,

"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",

"uptime" : 3214,

"optime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705991848, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(3)

"optimeDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:37:28Z"),

"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:37:28.209Z"),

"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:37:28.209Z"),

"syncSourceHost" : "",

"syncSourceId" : -1,

"infoMessage" : "",

"electionTime" : Timestamp(1705991708, 1),

"electionDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:35:08Z"),

"configVersion" : 1,

"configTerm" : 3,

"self" : true,

"lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""

{

"_id" : 1,

"name" : "192.168.36.198:27017",

"health" : 0,

"state" : 8,

"stateStr" : "(not reachable/healthy)",

"uptime" : 0,

"optime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),

"t" : NumberLong(-1)

"optimeDurable" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),

"t" : NumberLong(-1)

"optimeDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"),

"optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"),

"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:35:06.084Z"),

"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:35:06.084Z"),

"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:37:28.291Z"),

"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:35:08.202Z"),

"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),

"lastHeartbeatMessage" : "Error connecting to 192.168.36.198:27017 :: caused by :: Connection refused",

"syncSourceHost" : "",

"syncSourceId" : -1,

"infoMessage" : "",

"configVersion" : 1,

"configTerm" : 2

{

"_id" : 2,

"name" : "192.168.36.199:27017",

"health" : 1,

"state" : 2,

"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",

"uptime" : 3213,

"optime" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705991848, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(3)

"optimeDurable" : {

"ts" : Timestamp(1705991848, 1),

"t" : NumberLong(3)

"optimeDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:37:28Z"),

"optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:37:28Z"),

"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:37:28.209Z"),

"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:37:28.209Z"),

"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:37:28.228Z"),

"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2024-01-23T06:37:28.228Z"),

"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),

"lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",

"syncSourceHost" : "192.168.36.197:27017",

"syncSourceId" : 0,

"infoMessage" : "",

"configVersion" : 1,

"configTerm" : 3

}

"ok" : 1,

"$clusterTime" : {

"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1705991848, 1),

"signature" : {

"hash" : BinData(0,"b2icuhAxHpXvFc8Po40sVdj5CfY="),

"keyId" : NumberLong("7327130399279153156")

}

"operationTime" : Timestamp(1705991848, 1)

}

从返回结果来看，主节点已经切换至192.168.36.197这个机器，原来的主节点192.168.36.198健康状态也变成了0。

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